Middle Childhood (5-12 years)

Previous research has established that the ability to manage emotions effectively is critical to healthy
psychological and social development in adolescents. However, less research has considered the relationships

Emotion regulation strategies have important implications for social and psychological well-being. This study investigated the role of two emotion regulation strategies, reappraisal and suppression, in the social adjustment of youth.

Twin research has shown that females with male co-twins perform better than females with female co-twins on mental rotation.

Individuals' cognitive abilities can have implications on the quality of their task performance and social behaviors (e.g., verbal communication). Examining differences in cognitive abilities across the sexes can help to better understand the patterns of cognitive development.

We assessed developmental and gender differences in children’s beliefs about their peers’ communication styles. We hypothesized that children hold more favorable beliefs (i.e., more responsiveness and less interruption) about communicating with same- gender peers than with other-gender peers.

Gender biases and beliefs can affect the quality of interactions in mixed-gender group settings, and an understanding of gender-related communication styles can help children improve the skills they need to thrive in mixed-gender settings.

In this research, the authors examined the development of intentional self-regulation in early adolescence, which was operationalized through the use of a measure derived from the model of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC).