Parental Involvement and African American and European American Adolescents' Academic, Behavioral, and Emotional Development in Secondary School

Adolescents experience multiple changes throughout secondary school in academic performance, behavior, and emotion, and it is important for parents to adapt their parental involvement accordingly. The associations between parental involvement and adolescent outcomes were examined at 7th, 9th, and 11th grades. Results revealed that different aspects of parental involvement associated differently with adolescent outcomes, and parental warmth played an important role in the relationship.