Effects of Participation in a Mindfulness Program for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Objective: To assess outcomes associated with Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for veterans with PTSD. Methods:Forty‐seven veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 37 male, 32 Caucasian) were randomized to treatment as usual (TAU; n = 22), or MBSR plus TAU (n = 25). PTSD, depression, and mental health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 4‐month follow‐up. Standardized effect sizes and the proportion with clinically meaningful changes in outcomes were calculated. Results: Intention‐to‐treat analyses found no reliable effects of MBSR on PTSD or depression. Mental HRQOL improved posttreatment but there was no reliable effect at 4 months. At 4‐month follow‐up, more veterans randomized to MBSR had clinically meaningful change in mental HRQOL, and in both mental HRQOL and PTSD symptoms. Completer analyses (≥ 4 classes attended) showed medium to large between group effect sizes for depression, mental HRQOL, and mindfulness skills. Conclusions: Additional studies are warranted to assess MBSR for veterans with PTSD.